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Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering has seen unprecedented growth over the last few decades both in terms of knowledge and practice as well as in its significance in civil engineering profession. Over 1300 numerical and objective questions with solutions have been included in the book. Questions from competitive exams such as GATE, IES, IAS, IFS, etc., involve some of the subtle and fine concepts of the subject and their practical application, which cannot be gained by simple reading of the subject. Keeping this in view, about 600 questions from these examinations from a long span of over 25 years (1987 onwards) have been solved in the book.
Introduction
Definitions
History of Soil Mechanics
Applications of Soil Mechanics
Professional Activities in Geotechnical Engineering
Origin and Formation of Soils
Introduction
Soil Formation
Weathering
Erosion
Factors Influencing Weathering and Soil Formation
Residual Soils
Transported Soils
Types of Soil Profile
Soil Horizons
Soil Deposits of India
Soil Mineralogy and Structure
Introduction
General Types of Soils Based on Particle Size
Soil Mineralogy
Primary and Secondary Minerals
Bonding in Soils
Mineralogy of Fine-Grained Soils
Kaolinite
Montmorillonite
Illite
Chlorite
Vermiculite
Isomorphous Substitution
Properties of Clay Minerals
Identification of Clay Minerals
Soil Structure and Soil Fabric
Mineralogy of Cohesionless Soils
Physical Properties of Soils
Introduction
Three-Phase System of Soil
Phase Diagram of Soil
Physical Properties of Soils
Functional Relationships between Physical Properties
Physical Properties in Terms of Mass
Functional Relationships of Physical Properties in Terms of Mass
Preparation of Soil Samples for Determination of Physical Properties
Determination of Water Content
Determination of Specific Gravity
Determination of in-situ Density
Relative Density
Plasticity Characteristics of Soils
Introduction
Consistency
Consistency Limits
Liquid Limit
Plastic Limit
Index Properties of Soils
Shrinkage Limit
Uses of Consistency Limits
Classification of Soils Based on Index Properties
Soil Classification
Need for Soil Classification
Particle Size Classification
Scientific Basis for Soil Classification
Grain Size Analysis of Soil
Grain Size Distribution Curve
Textural Classification
AASHTO Classification
Unified Soil Classification System
Indian Standard Soil Classification (IS:1498 - 1970)
Field Identification Tests for Fine-Grained Soils
Stresses Due to Self-Weight
Introduction
Total Stress
Pore Water Pressure
Effective Stress Principle
Effective Stress
Vertical Stress Due to Applied Loads
Introduction
Boussinesq Theory for Vertical Stress Due to Concentrated Load
Vertical Stress below Strip Footing
Newmark’s Influence Chart
Westergaard’s Theory for Vertical Stress
The 2:1 Distribution Method
Comparison of Different Methods for Determination of Vertical Stress
Permeability of Soils
Introduction
Types of Soil Water
Flow of Water through Soil
Permeability
Darcy’s Law
Coefficient of Absolute Permeability
Factors Affecting Permeability of Soils
Determination of Permeability
Constant Head Permeability Test
Falling Head Permeability Test
Capillary Permeability Test
Consolidation Test
Permeability of Stratified Soil Deposits
Seepage Analysis
Introduction
Types of Soil Formations
Basic Definitions
In Situ Tests for Determination of Permeability
Pumping-Out Tests
Pumping-In Tests
Seepage Velocity
Total Head, Pressure Head, and Datum Head
Seepage Pressure and Quicksand
Laplace Equation for Two-Dimensional Flow
Flow Net
Methods of Drawing a Flow Net
Calculation of Hydraulic Parameters from a Flow Net
Flow Net for Anisotropic Soils
Phreatic Line in Earth Dams
Failure of Hydraulic Structures by Piping
Seepage Control in Hydraulic Structures: Prevention of Piping Failures
Design of Graded Filter
Consolidation
Introduction
Significance of Compressibility and Consolidation
Mechanism of Consolidation: Terzaghi’s Soil-Spring Analogy
Parameters for Measurement of Compressibility of Soils
Determination of Consolidation Settlement
Terzaghi’s Theory of Consolidation
Odometer or Consolidation Test
Pre-Compression and Pre-Consolidation Pressure
Effect of Stress History on Compression of Clays
Components of Settlement
Construction Period Correction: Prediction of Field Consolidation Curve
Acceleration of Consolidation Using Sand Drains
Three-Dimensional Consolidation
Compaction
Introduction
Principle of Compaction
Effect of Compaction on Engineering Properties of the Soil
Laboratory Compaction Test
IS Light Compaction Test
IS Heavy Compaction Test
Ideal Compaction Curve-Zero Air Void Line
Compaction Curve for Sands
Factors Affecting Compaction
Field Compaction Procedure
Shear Strength
Introduction
Principal Stresses and Principal Planes
Mohr’s Circle of Stresses
Mohr-Coulomb Failure Theory
Determination of Shear Strength
Direct Shear Test
Triaxial Compression Test
Unconfined Compression Test
Vane Shear Test
Bore Hole Shear Test
Sensitivity
Pore Pressure Parameters
Stress Path
Soil Exploration
Introduction
Need for Soil Exploration
Planning and Execution of Soil Exploration
Methods of Soil Exploration
Soil Samples
Soil Samplers
Location of GWT
In Situ Tests
Soil Investigation Report
Lateral Earth Pressure
Introduction
Lateral Earth Pressure
Types of Lateral Earth Pressure
Derivation of Expression for Earth Pressure at Rest
Rankine’s Theory of Active Earth Pressure for Cohesionless Backfill
Rankine’s Active Earth Pressure for Cohesive Backfill
Fully Submerged Cohesive Backfill
Rankine’s Theory of Passive Earth Pressure for Cohesionless Backfill
Rankine’s Passive Earth Pressure for Cohesive Backfill
Rankine’s Earth Pressure for Retaining Wall with Inclined Back
Coulomb’s Wedge Theory for Earth Pressure
Poncelet (or Rebhan’s) Construction for Active Earth Pressure
Poncelet (or Rebhan’s) Construction for Passive Earth Pressure
Culmann’s Construction for Active Earth Pressure
Coulomb’s Theory of Active Earth Pressure for Cohesive Backfill
Trial Wedge Method for Lateral Earth Pressure
Coulomb’s Theory for Passive Earth Pressure for Cohesionless Backfill
Passive Earth Pressure by Friction Circle Method
Retaining Structures
Introduction
Selection of Backfill and Drainage
Types of Retaining Walls
Cantilever Sheet Pile in Granular Soil
Cantilever Sheet Pile in Cohesive Soil
Anchored Sheet Pile in Cohesionless Soil: Free Earth Support Method
Anchored Sheet Pile in Cohesive Soil
Anchored Sheet Pile in Granular Soil: Fixed Earth Support Method
Rowe’s Moment Reduction for Anchored Wall
Miscellaneous Types of Retaining Structures
Stability of Earth Slopes
Introduction
Definition of Factor of Safety
Types of Slope Failures
Stability Analysis of Infinite Slopes
Stability Analysis of Finite Slopes: Culmann’s Method
Stability Analysis of Finite Slopes Using the Swedish Circle Method
Stability Analysis of Slopes of Earth Dams
Bishop’s Simplified Method of Slices
Friction Circle Method
Taylor’s Stability Number and Stability Charts
Improving the Stability of Slopes
Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations
Introduction
Design Criteria of Shallow Foundations
Basic Terms and Definitions
Rankine’s Theory of Bearing Capacity
Prandtl’s Theory of Bearing Capacity
Terzaghi’s Theory of Bearing Capacity
Types of Shear Failure of Soil
Skempton’s Theory of Bearing Capacity
Meyerhof’s Theory
Hansen’s Theory of Bearing Capacity
Vesic’s Theory of Bearing Capacity
IS Code Method
Settlement of Shallow Foundations
Introduction
Depth of Foundation
Types of Shallow Foundations
Components of Settlement
Steps Involved in Settlement Computation
Estimation of Settlements for Cohesionless Soils
Plate Load Test
Estimation of Settlement for Cohesive Soils
Correction to Total Settlement for Depth and Rigidity of Foundation
Differential Settlements and Distortion
Allowable Settlements
Indian Standard (IS:1080) Specifications for Foundations
Pile Foundations
Introduction
Classification of Pile Foundations
Construction of Piles
Load-Transfer Mechanism from Pile to Soil
Estimation of Load Capacity of Piles: Static Formulae
Estimation of Load Capacity of Piles: Dynamic Formulae
Estimation of Load Capacity of Pile from SCPT
Estimation of Load Capacity from SPT
Estimation of Load Capacity from Load Test on Piles
Group Action in Piles
Settlement of a Pile Group
Negative Skin Friction
Under-Ream Pile Foundations
Well Foundations
Introduction
Caissons
Shapes of Well Foundations
Components of Well Foundation
Depth of a Well Foundation
Forces Acting on Well Foundations
Stability Analysis of Well Foundations
Factor of Safety
Construction of Well Foundations
Tilting and Shifting of Wells
In CD
Soil Dynamics and Machine Foundations
Introduction
Types of Machines
Types of Machine Foundations
Methods of Dynamic Analysis
Procedure for Dynamic Analysis of Machine Foundation
Dynamic Soil Properties
Design Criteria of Machine Foundations
Vibration and Shock Isolation
Ground Improvement Techniques
Introduction
Objectives of Ground Improvement
Classification of Ground Improvement Methods
Mechanical Stabilization
Sand Compaction Piles
Blasting
Dynamic Compaction
Preloading
Sand Drains
Prefabricated Vertical Drains
Stone Columns
Reinforced Earth
Soil Nailing
Geosynthetics
Foundation Grouting
In-Situ Soil Mixing
Seepage Control and Dewatering Systems
Freezing
Heating
Foundations in Expansive Soils
Introduction
Damage to Structures Built on Expansive Soils
Factors Affecting Seasonal Moisture Variations
Active Zone
Mechanism of Swelling
Factors Influencing Heave
Estimation of Heave
Determination of Swelling Pressure
Identification and Classification of Expansive Soils
Foundation Techniques in Expansive Soils
Pavements on Expansive Soils
Remedial Options
Summary
Objective Questions
Review Questions
Answers
Bibliography
List of IS Codes
ISBN - 9788126539567
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Pages : 948
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