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This fourth edition reflects advances in concepts and new information based on research and field experience. It also describes the many changes in soil classification reflected iin Soil Taxonomy in the 8 years since the third edition was prepared and istributed. This edition refelects several changes in terminology, advances in technology, and our increased understaniding of soil formation processes. We draw attention to the reorientation and expanision of the range and scope of coverage in soil genesis and classification. This includes additional emphasis on the biogeochemistry of soil systems and the roles of soils in ecosystems. This edition includes for the first time a difinition and description on soils in the coldest regions of the planet that are ectively being considered as a new order, Gelisols, in Soil Taxonomy. In this edition you will also find more information about the genesis in tropical and subtropical regions and soils with andic soil properties, the Andisols. Also included are discussions and explanations of the use and aplications of new technology via soil data bases, soil geographic ingormation systems, ground penetrating radar, increased use of aerial photography for soil studies, and increased use of aerial photography for soil studies, and new approaches to modeling soil systems. We also discuss the growing problem of trying to characterize and adjust for speacial variability within soil mapping units. Also included in this edition are discussions of concerns about soil quality, measures for remediation of soil problems such as waste disposal, and soil loss by erosion. Certain chapters of the previous editions have been combined and blended to produce a more comprehensive and cohesive picture and description of soil systems. Another plus is the addition of a fourth author who is actively teching and conducting research in arid and semiarid areas. CONTENS: Introduction : Morphology and composition of soils. Biochemical processes in soil formation. Soils as a component of ecosystem. Time as a factor os soil formation. Modern soil classification systems. U. S. soil teaxonomy. Alfisols : High base status soils with argillic horizons. Andisols: Soils with andic soil properties. Aridiosols: Soils of dry regions. Entisols: Recently formed soils. Gelisols: Very cold soils. histosols: Organic soils. Inceptisols. Embryonic soils with few diagnostic features. Mollisola; Grassland soils of steppes and prairies. Oxisols: Low activity soils. Spodosols; Soils with suvbsoil accumulations of humus and sesquionxides Ultisols: Low base status soils. Vertisols: Shrinking and welling dark clay soils. Soil families and soil series. Nature of the soil cover: Polypedons, Soilscapes, and mapping units Interpretations of soil surveys: Soils classification and soil maps. Pedotechnology. 1998 ( HB)
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